解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Legionella pneumophila is the primary respiratory pathogen and mostly transmitted to human through water cooling systems and cause mild to severe pneumonia with high mortality rate especially in elderly both in hospitals and community. However, current Legionella risk assessments may be compromised by uncertainties in...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1170944
更新日期:2016-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax toxins and capsule are the major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis. They are encoded by genes located on the plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, respectively. The vaccine strain Pasteur II was produced from high temperature subcultures of B. anthracis, which resulted in virulence attenuation through the loss of the ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1164366
更新日期:2016-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) evolve from low pathogenic (LP) precursors after circulation in poultry by reassortment and/or single mutations in different gene segments including that encoding NS1. The carboxyl terminal end (CTE) of NS1 exhibits deletions between amino acid 202 and 230 with stil...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1159367
更新日期:2016-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter nosocomialis is an important nosocomial pathogen that causes a variety of human infections. However, the specific virulence factors of this microorganism have not yet been determined. We investigated the role of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) in the pathogenesis of A. nosocomialis. A ΔompA mutant of the...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1140298
更新日期:2016-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Bloodstream infections (BSI) carry a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality in modern internal medicine wards (IMW). These wards are often filled with elderly subjects with several risk factors for BSI, such as multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, immunosuppression, and indwelling devices. Diagnosing BSI in such a s...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1140296
更新日期:2016-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth or honeycomb moth) has been introduced as an alternative model to study microbial infections. G. mellonella larvae can be easily and inexpensively obtained in large numbers and are simple to use as they don't require special lab equipment. There are no ethical constraints and thei...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1135289
更新日期:2016-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 pr...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1122166
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exploration of epidemic dynamics on dynamically evolving ("adaptive") networks poses nontrivial challenges to the modeler, such as the determination of a small number of informative statistics of the detailed network state (that is, a few "good observables") that usefully summarize the overall (macroscopic, system...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1121357
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypical changes during host infection in order to promote persistence and survival. Studies have demonstrated that such adaptations require alterations in gene transcription networks by distinct mechanisms. Drugs such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi) Sodium Butyrate...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1038014
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate if the alternative in vivo model Galleria mellonella can be used (i) to determine differences in pathogenicity of amphotericin B (AMB) resistant and susceptible A. terreus isolates, (ii) to evaluate AMB efficacy in vivo (iii) and to correlate outcome to in vitro susceptibility ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1045183
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. It is caused by the formation of subgingival biofilms on the surface of the tooth. Characteristic bacteria associated with subgingival biofilms are the Gram-negative anaerobes Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1081731
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative human CJD and sheep scrapie are diseases caused by several different transmissible encephalopathy (TSE) agents. These infectious agents provoke innate immune responses in the brain, including late-onset abnormal prion protein (PrP-res) amyloid. Agent particles that lack detectable PrP sequences by de...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1098804
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of new therapeutics against Select Agents such as Francisella is critical preparation in the event of bioterrorism. Testing FDA-approved drugs for this purpose may yield new activities unrelated to their intended purpose and may hasten the discovery of new therapeutics. A library of 420 FDA-approved drugs ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1046029
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, epithelial cells have been a largely ignored component of host responses to microbes. However, this has been largely overturned over the last decade as an ever increasing number of studies have highlighted the key role that these cells play in many of our interactions with our microbiota and pathogens....
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1012981
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daptomycin resistance (DAP(R)) in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with mutations in genes that are also implicated in staphylococcal pathogenesis. Using a laboratory-derived series of DAP exposed strains, we showed a relationship between increasing DAP MIC and reduced virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection m...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1011532
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Th1-polarized host response, mediated by IFN-γ, has been associated with increased severity of periodontal disease as well as control of periodontal infection. The functional polymorphism TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) increases the transcriptional activity of the TBX21 gene (essential for Th1 polarization) resulting in a ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1029828
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Virulence, Ban E et al. described the complete sequence of the pEntYN10 plasmid of Escherichia coli O169:H41. The plasmid has 182 coding sequences (CDs); among the identified CDs, some were identified as colonization factors (CFs), one was an enterotoxin and others were insertion sequences (IS). In th...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1080/21505594.2015.1104450
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrotransposons constitute a major part of the genome in a number of eukaryotes. Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are one type of the retrotransposons. Candida albicans have 34 distinct LTR-retrotransposon families. They respectively belong to the Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy groups which have been extensively ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.32180
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm-degrading enzymes could be used for the gentle cleaning of industrial and medical devices and the manufacture of biofilm-resistant materials. We therefore investigated 20 species and strains of the bacterial genus Lysobacter for their ability to degrade experimental biofilms formed by Staphylococcus epidermidi...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.27919
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In all eukaryotic cells, the ER stress response is pivotal to survival and adaptation under stress conditions. During temperature adaptation in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, ER stress is engaged transiently. Studies of this response have demonstrated that both the engagement (turning on the respon...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.27187
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::A number of abundant mobile genetic elements called retrotransposons reverse transcribe RNA to generate DNA for insertion into eukaryotic genomes. Non-long-terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons represent a major class of retrotransposons, and transposons that move by target-primed reverse transcription lack LTRs ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.27278
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Multi-antibiotic drug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli are becoming a major threat to the standard care of septic patients. Empiric antimicrobial drug regimens to cover likely bacterial pathogens have to be altered in keeping with the spread of MDR pathogens in the health care setting and in the community. Reliab...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.26210
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis remains a common, serious, and heterogeneous clinical entity that is difficult to define adequately. Despite its importance as a public health problem, efforts to develop and gain regulatory approval for a specific therapeutic agent for the adjuvant treatment of sepsis have been remarkably unsuccessful. One ste...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.26083
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial eukaryotic-like serine threonine kinases (eSTKs) and serine threonine phosphatases (eSTPs) have emerged as important signaling elements that are indispensable for pathogenesis. Differing considerably from their histidine kinase counterparts, few eSTK genes are encoded within the average bacterial genome, and...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/21505594.2014.983404
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) infections are a leading cause of serious infections both in hospitals and the community. The mortality remains high despite potent antimicrobials and modern supportive care. In the last decade invasive GNB have become increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics, and attempts to i...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.25965
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors called effectors, which are important components of the infection process. Effectors aid in pathogenesis by facilitating bacterial attachment, pathogen entry into or exit from the host cell, immunoevasion, and immunosuppression. Effectors also have the ability to subvert h...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.29091
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Particle size dictates where aerosolized pathogens deposit in the respiratory tract, thereafter the pathogens potential to cause disease is influenced by tissue tropism, clearance kinetics and the host immunological response. This interplay brings pathogens into contact with a range of tissues spanning the respiratory...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.27172
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a zoonotic pathogen that is relatively common throughout the world and may cause life threatening diseases in animals and humans. There are many PCR-based assays in use for the detection of B. anthracis. While most of the developed assays rely on unique markers pr...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.26288
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent bacterial pathogen that is easily aerosolized and has a low infectious dose. As an intracellular pathogen, entry of Francisella into host cells is critical for its survival and virulence. However, the initial steps of attachment and internalization of Francisella into host c...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.25629
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A new hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged. First described in the Asian Pacific Rim, it now increasingly recognized in Western countries. Defining clinical features are the ability to cause serious, life-threatening community-acquired infection in younger healthy hosts, includ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.22718
更新日期:2013-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::In previous studies we demonstrated that the staphylococcal α-toxin inhibits adhesion and invasion of S. aureus by epithelial cells through binding to α5β1 integrin, a receptor of fibronectin. Moreover, we revealed that a H35A mutation abolishes the cytotoxicity of α-toxin completely. These findings led us to hypothes...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.22719
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a young woman with profound anemia whose serum iron studies were incongruous with what we expected from iron deficiency anemia. Her high serum iron was not fully explainable until we examined the patient and noticed a large black tattoo on her left flank area. Apparently iron oxide in the ink used for the ...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.4161/viru.22122
更新日期:2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::We recently developed a method that allows fast differentiation between Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) strains. The method named phage profiling (PP) is based on a simple assumption that a regular PCR reaction with Taq polymerase and relatively short elongation time is not able to yield long DNA fragment, such as ~40-50...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.21887
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemagglutinin (HA) proteins derived from avian influenza viruses bind specifically to the α2-3 sialoglycan (Sia glycan), whereas human-adapted influenza viruses prefer to bind to the α2-6 Sia glycan. A switch of glycan specificity from α2-3 Sia glycan to α2-6 Sia glycan appears to be critical for a virus to become...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.21822
更新日期:2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogens frequently exist in an immunological balancing act with their host. Pathogens must not only replicate within a host but also transmit effectively between hosts to perpetuate their species. On the other hand, the host seeks to maintain homeostasis by clearing pathogens. The inflammasome is a multi-protein com...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.20266
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-invasive imaging techniques in microbial disease models have delivered valuable insights in the intimate pathogen-host interplay during infection. Here we describe evaluation and validation of a transgenic bioluminescence reporter strain of the human-pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus, one of the main fungal pa...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.3.1.18799
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent finding that the formation of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food is very different from that in cultures of pure Staphylococcus aureus sheds new light on, and brings into question, traditional microbial risk assessment methods based on planktonic liquid cultures. In fact, most bacteria in food appear to be...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/viru.2.6.18122
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection that has been increasingly reported in severely immunocompromised patients receiving Aspergillus-active antifungals. Although clinical studies and pre-clinical animal models have suggested a unique predisposition for breakthrough mucormycoses in patients receiving voriconaz...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.2.4.17074
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We described an association between a strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, i.e. KT0001, and the bacteria Serratia sp. SCBI (South African Caenorhabditis briggsae isolate), which was able to kill the insect Galleria. Here we show that the Serratia sp. SCBI lines the gut of the nematode, similar to the Hetero...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.2.2.15337
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial IgA1 proteases are thought to be important virulence factors in respiratory tract infections. These proteolytic enzymes specifically cleave one of several post-proline peptide bonds within the hinge region of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Human IgA1 was cleaved with an IgA1 protease purified from an isolat...
journal_title:Virulence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/viru.2.2.15401
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00